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Systematic review

Review on thinking in vegetarians, older and stressed people: no clear creatine gain

McMorris and colleagues · Behavioural brain research · 2024

Original title: Creatine supplementation research fails to support the theoretical basis for an effect on cognition: Evidence from a systematic review.

Under review. A person has not yet checked this summary against the paper. It is written from the PubMed abstract. Until a person checks it, search engines are asked not to list this page.

What the study found

No difference

Creatine supplements can raise brain creatine, but only a little. Effects on thinking were somewhat equivocal. The authors say study designs and dosing need work.

The study at a glance

Type of study
Systematic review
Who or what was studied
people studied for creatine and thinking, including vegetarians, older adults and stressed people
What was tested
Creatine supplements compared with placebo
What it measured
Several kinds of outcomes
Who has a stake
No disclosure in PubMed
No disclosure in PubMed.
Journal
Behavioural brain research, 2024
Source
PubMed record 38582412. This page is based on the abstract only.

How much this study counts

  • •Sums up studies found with a set search method, without pooling the numbers.
  • •Measured several kinds of outcomes.
  • •The PubMed record has no conflict-of-interest statement.
  • •Summarized from the PubMed abstract only. The full paper may hold details the abstract leaves out.

✓ Strength– Limit• Note

These points come from fixed rules about the type of study, its size and length, what it measured, and who has a stake. Every study on Digestery gets the same rules.

Where this study sits

This paper is not on the ladder. It is a systematic review, and reviews and opinion pieces discuss studies that are already counted on the steps below.

↑ Stronger evidence

  1. Trials in people: memory and thinking

    5

    2 benefit, 1 mixed, 2 no difference

  2. Trials in people: other measures

    6

    5 benefit, 1 mixed

  3. Trials in people: lab tests or safety

    0

    None among the papers we read.

  4. Population studies

    0

    None among the papers we read.

  5. Blood levels and genes

    0

    None among the papers we read.

  6. Animals

    1

    1 benefit

↓ Weaker evidence

  • Points to benefit
  • Mixed
  • No difference
  • No direction
  • Points to harm

How it fits with the other research

The short answer to “Does creatine improve memory and brain health?”

Possibly a small boost to memory.

Confidence: low. Based on 21 on-topic papers.

Read the full answer
  • Part of the finding “The largest and longest trials found no clear gain”.
  • Summed up in “What reviews found”: Systematic review; the abstract does not give the number of studies. Creatine raised brain creatine a little, but effects on thinking were mixed. The authors say study designs and dosing need work.

Other reviews on this question

See all 21 studies on this question

How this page was made

Label

First read of the abstract
Claude Sonnet
Independent second read
Claude Haiku
Differences settled
The reviewer corrected 1 field after reading the abstract. Claude Opus 5.5.
Headline
Claude Sonnet, from the checked study record. A script checked its numbers and wording.
Numbers
Checked against the abstract by a script
“How much this study counts”
Fixed rules, the same for every study
Source check by a person
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