Digestery
Lifestyle practices › Sauna and the Heart › Studies

Population study: followed a group

Study of 1621 Finnish men: frequent sauna went with less new high blood pressure

Zaccardi and colleagues · American journal of hypertension · 2017

Original title: Sauna Bathing and Incident Hypertension: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Under review. A person has not yet checked this summary against the paper. It is written from the PubMed abstract. Until a person checks it, search engines are asked not to list this page.

What the study found

Points to benefit

Compared with 1 sauna a week, the hazard ratio for new high blood pressure was 0.76 (95% confidence interval: 0.57-1.02) for 2 to 3 and 0.54 (0.32-0.91) for 4 to 7 sessions. After more adjustment: 0.83 (0.59-1.18) and 0.53 (0.28-0.98).

The study at a glance

Type of study
Population study: followed a group
Who or what was studied
1,621 people · middle-aged men from Eastern Finland aged 42-60 without high blood pressure at the start
What was tested
How often men took saunas (1, 2-3, or 4-7 times a week), followed for a median 24.7 years
What it measured
The question itself: heart disease, blood pressure and death
Who has a stake
No disclosure in PubMed
No disclosure in PubMed.
Journal
American journal of hypertension, 2017
Source
PubMed record 28633297. This page is based on the abstract only.

How much this study counts

  • –Shows a link, not a cause: people chose their own habits, and other differences between them may explain the result.
  • ✓Followed people over time, so habits were recorded before the outcome happened.
  • •1,621 people.
  • ✓Measured the question itself: heart disease, blood pressure and death.
  • •The PubMed record has no conflict-of-interest statement.
  • •Summarized from the PubMed abstract only. The full paper may hold details the abstract leaves out.

✓ Strength– Limit• Note

These points come from fixed rules about the type of study, its size and length, what it measured, and who has a stake. Every study on Digestery gets the same rules.

Where this study sits

Each dot is one on-topic paper on this question. Steps near the top answer the question more directly.

↑ Stronger evidence

  1. Trials in people: heart disease, blood pressure and death

    3

    3 benefit

  2. Trials in people: other measures

    2

    1 benefit, 1 no difference

  3. Trials in people: lab tests or safety

    5

    2 benefit, 1 mixed, 2 no difference

  4. Population studies

    4

    4 benefit

    ↑ This study is the ringed dot

  5. Blood levels and genes

    0

    None among the papers we read.

↓ Weaker evidence

  • Points to benefit
  • Mixed
  • No difference
  • No direction
  • Points to harm

How it fits with the other research

The short answer to “Does sauna use lower heart disease risk?”

Possibly, but not proven in trials.

Confidence: low. Based on 21 on-topic papers.

Read the full answer

Of the other 3 papers on the same step: 3 benefit. This one found benefit. It agrees with most of them.

Other papers on the same step

See all 21 studies on this question

How this page was made

Label

First read of the abstract
Claude Sonnet
Independent second read
Claude Haiku
Differences settled
The two reads agreed on every checked field. Claude Opus 5.5.
Headline
Claude Sonnet, from the checked study record. A script checked its numbers and wording.
Numbers
Checked against the abstract by a script
“How much this study counts”
Fixed rules, the same for every study
Source check by a person
Not yet. Required before search engines may list this page.

Spot an error? Email a flag with a link to your source, or use the form on the question page.