Does NMN slow aging?
Short answer
Not shown in people so far.
NMN and NR reliably raise NAD+ in blood. But small, short trials in older adults mostly found no change in their main measures of strength, walking or thinking. Longer life was seen only in mice.
This page says what the research shows. It does not say whether you should take NMN or NR.
Where the evidence stands
Each dot is one on-topic paper. Steps near the top answer the question more directly. Select a dot to see the study.
↑ Stronger evidence
-
Trials in people: aging and age-related decline
Trials that measured aging and age-related decline directly.
0Not done yet. This is the step that would answer the question.
-
Trials in people: other measures
Trials that measured other health or performance measures.
9 -
Trials in people: lab tests or safety
Trials that measured lab tests, side effects or safety.
7 -
Population studies
Studies that followed or surveyed groups of people. They show links, not causes.
0None among the papers we read.
-
Blood levels and genes
Studies that link blood levels or genes to health.
0None among the papers we read.
-
Animals
Studies in mice, rats, worms or flies.
6
↓ Weaker evidence
- Points to benefit
- Mixed
- No difference
- No direction
- Points to harm
Not on the ladder: 7 reviews of many studies (shown below). Counts are papers, not people. Some studies appear in more than one paper.
See every studyWhat we found
- In people, NMN and NR consistently raised NAD+ and related compounds in blood, a review of 33 human studies found. Raised NAD+ is a marker, not slower aging. Gallagher 2026
- In older adults, NMN did not change grip strength or walking speed over 24 weeks, or the main stepping test over 12 weeks. Akasaka 2023, Morifuji 2024
- Longer life was seen only in mice: NR increased mouse life span, and NMN raised median lifespan 8.5% in female mice only. Zhang 2016, Kane 2024
- Across fifteen trials lasting 14 days to 24 weeks, NMN at 250-2000 mg/day did not raise side effects or liver enzymes. Longer trials are still needed. Yang 2026
What the research says
Boosters raise NAD+, but that is a marker
In people, NMN and NR raised NAD+ in blood, muscle and nerve-derived blood particles. NR raised blood NAD+ 2.6-fold in older adults with memory problems and more than doubled it in people with COPD.
A review of 33 human studies found this rise consistent. But effects on function, metabolism and blood vessels were mixed and often absent, and the review calls anti-aging benefit inconclusive.
Studies: Orr 2024, Norheim 2024, Elhassan 2019, Vreones 2023, Gallagher 2026
Strength and walking: small, mixed signals
In older men with diabetes and weak grip or slow walking, 24 weeks of NMN did not change grip strength or walking speed. In 60 older adults, the main stepping test did not change, though 4-m walking time improved. In 80 middle-aged adults, six-minute walk distance rose with NMN.
Pooled results point to small gains. Across 9 trials, gait speed rose by a small standard amount (0.34), with a likely range from 0.03, near no effect, to 0.66. Across 27 studies, NMN improved endurance but not strength. In 108 older adults, placebo groups improved too.
Studies: Akasaka 2023, Morifuji 2024, Yi 2023, Wang 2025, Gao 2026, Kim 2022
Thinking and aging-linked diseases: small, early trials
In a small trial of older adults with mild memory problems, 10 weeks of NR left thinking scores unchanged. An 8-person trial in people with clogged leg arteries reported better thinking after NR, but it had no placebo group.
In Werner syndrome, a rare early-aging disease, NR improved artery stiffness and shrank skin ulcers; the main goal was safety. In COPD, NR cut an airway inflammation marker by 52.6% versus placebo.
Studies: Orr 2024, Szarvas 2025, Shoji 2025, Norheim 2024
Blood sugar and blood fats: little change
In 342 middle-aged and older adults, pooled trials found no benefit of NMN on blood sugar, insulin or blood fats. A pool of 12 studies with 513 people found most measures unchanged, with bias concerns in every study, and warned benefits may be exaggerated.
Some single trials saw changes. In overweight adults aged 45 and over, 28 days of NMN cut body weight by 1.9 kg more than placebo. Insulin sensitivity rose in women with prediabetes. Fifteen pooled trials found diastolic blood pressure fell slightly.
Studies: Chen 2024, Zhang 2025, Pencina 2023, Yoshino 2021, Yang 2026
Longer life and less frailty seen only in mice
NR increased mouse life span. Long-term NMN reduced frailty in male and female mice and raised median lifespan 8.5% in females only; that study is a preprint not yet peer reviewed.
A 12-month NMN course eased age-related decline in mice, such as weight gain and poorer insulin sensitivity. Nicotinamide, another booster, kept 93% of eyes free of glaucoma in aged mice at the highest dose.
Studies: Zhang 2016, Kane 2024, Mills 2016, Williams 2017
What reviews of many studies found
Reviews pool or sum up earlier studies. They are not on the ladder, because they repeat studies already counted there.
Pooled review (meta-analysis) · Gao 2026
Pooled 27 studies with 1,599 people. NMN improved endurance (high dose: SMD = 1.02) and quality of life, but not strength. No NAD+ booster improved felt tiredness or sleep.
Systematic review · Gallagher 2026
Reviewed 113 studies: 33 in people and 80 in rodents. In people, NR and NMN raised NAD+ markers, but effects on function and health were mixed and often absent. It calls anti-aging benefit inconclusive.
Pooled review (meta-analysis) · Yang 2026
Pooled fifteen NMN trials lasting 14 days to 24 weeks. NMN did not raise side effects or liver enzymes. Weight, blood sugar and blood fats did not change; diastolic blood pressure fell slightly.
Pooled review (meta-analysis) · Zhang 2025
Pooled 12 studies with 513 people. NMN raised blood NAD, but most health measures did not differ from control. Every trial had bias concerns, and the authors warn benefits may be exaggerated.
How the research grew
The papers we read span 2016 to 2026. 14 of the 29 on-topic papers came out in 2024 to 2026. The earliest trial in people here is from 2018.
- 2016
- 2017
- 2018
- 2019
- 2020
- 2021
- 2022
- 2023
- 2024
- 2025
- 2026
Each dot is one on-topic paper, colored by what it found. Rings mark key papers:
- 2016. NR lengthened life span in mice. Zhang 2016
- 2016. 12 months of NMN eased aging decline in mice. Mills 2016
- 2018. Early human trial: NR safe and raised NAD+. Martens 2018
- 2024. NMN extended lifespan in female mice only. Kane 2024
- 2026. Largest review: 27 studies, 1,599 people. Gao 2026
Doses tested
12 trial papers gave a set daily amount in mg a day, from 208 to 2,000. Each dot shows the dose and what the trial found.
- mg a day05001,0001,5002,0002,500
- Points to benefit
- Mixed
- No difference
- No direction
- Points to harm
One row per paper, so a trial reported in two papers appears twice.
Not shown: 4 trial papers with no single daily dose in the abstract, or a different unit.
Who funds this research
Ten of 16 trial papers have a company stake, including ChromaDex, Elysium Health, Metro International Biotech, Teijin, Meiji, Abinopharm and Aba Chemicals. Some supporting trials had no stake, and several company-tied trials found nothing, so confidence was not lowered for this.
- Company stake 10
- No disclosure in PubMed 2
- No stake declared 4
- Yi 2023Company stake
- Yoshino 2021Company stake
- Orr 2024Company stake
- Norheim 2024Company stake
- Pencina 2023Company stake
- Akasaka 2023Company stake
- Elhassan 2019Company stake
- Morifuji 2024Company stake
- Shoji 2025Company stake
- Szarvas 2025Company stake
- Jensen 2022No disclosure in PubMed
- Connell 2021No disclosure in PubMed
- Martens 2018No stake declared
- Vreones 2023No stake declared
- Katayoshi 2023No stake declared
- Kim 2022No stake declared
Funding rule. A stake is always shown. Confidence is lowered only when every supporting study comes from a party with a stake. "No disclosure in PubMed" means the PubMed record has no conflict-of-interest statement. It does not mean there is no conflict.
All 29 on-topic papers
Each paper shows what it tested, what it found, and who has a stake. Every paper also has its own page that explains how much it counts and how it fits. See every study as a list.
-
Nicotinamide Riboside Supplementation Benefits in Patients With Werner Syndrome: A Double-Blind Randomized Crossover Placebo-Controlled Trial.
People with Werner syndrome, a rare disease of early aging
TestedNR 1,000 mg once a day for 26 weeks vs placebo for 26 weeks (crossover)
No serious side effects. Artery stiffness score (CAVI) improved, skin ulcer area decreased, and blood creatinine fell. Heel pad thinning showed a declining trend.
Points to benefitCompany stakeAbstract onlyChromaDex supplied NR and placebo and signed contracts with the university; authors declare no competing interests.
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Trial, not randomized · other health measuresSzarvas et al., 2025The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · PubMed
Effects of NAD+ supplementation with oral nicotinamide riboside on vascular health and cognitive function in older adults with peripheral artery disease: Results from a pilot 4-week open-label clinical trial.
8 people · Older adults with peripheral artery disease (clogged leg arteries)
TestedNR for 4 weeks, no placebo group (open label)
Authors report a positive trend in artery cell function, improved brain blood flow response in one area, and better thinking scores across several areas after NR. No numbers are given in the abstract.
Points to benefitCompany stakeAbstract onlyOne author has research funding or consulting fees from Elysium Health, Metro International Biotech, Pfizer and others.
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A randomized placebo-controlled trial of nicotinamide riboside in older adults with mild cognitive impairment.
20 people · Older adults with mild memory and thinking problems
TestedNR rising to 1 g a day for 10 weeks, vs placebo
Blood NAD+ rose 2.6-fold (p < 0.001). MoCA and other thinking tests stayed stable. Brain blood flow fell in one network (p = 0.013), but not after correction for many tests. Epigenetic age measures fell in exploratory analysis.
No differenceCompany stakeAbstract onlyChromaDex supplied NR and placebo; a co-author is inventor, ChromaDex adviser and stockholder.
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Ingestion of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide increased blood NAD levels, maintained walking speed, and improved sleep quality in older adults in a double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled study.
60 people · Older adults
TestedNMN 250 mg a day for 12 weeks, vs placebo
The main test (stepping test) showed no difference at 4 or 12 weeks. At 12 weeks the NMN group had a shorter 4-m walking time and better sleep scores than placebo.
No differenceCompany stakeAbstract onlyThree authors are employees of Meiji Holding Co., Ltd.
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The efficacy and safety of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation in healthy middle-aged adults: a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-dependent clinical trial.
80 people · Healthy middle-aged adults
TestedNMN 300, 600 or 900 mg a day for 60 days, vs placebo
Blood NAD rose in all NMN groups (all p ≤ 0.001). Six-minute walk distance was higher than placebo (all p < 0.01). Blood-based biological age rose in placebo and stayed unchanged with NMN. No safety issues.
Points to benefitCompany stakeAbstract onlyOne author works for Abinopharm and two for Aba Chemicals.
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Randomized trial · other health measuresPencina et al., 2023The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · PubMed
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Augmentation in Overweight or Obese Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Physiologic Study.
30 people · Overweight or obese adults aged 45 and over
TestedTwo 500 mg tablets of NMN (MIB-626) twice a day for 28 days, vs placebo
Body weight fell (difference -1.9 [-3.3, -0.5] kg, P = .008) and LDL cholesterol fell (-18.73 [-31.85, -5.60] mg/dL). Muscle strength, fatigue, aerobic capacity, stair power and insulin sensitivity did not differ.
MixedCompany stakeAbstract onlyFunded in part by Metro International Biotech, which makes the MIB-626 tested; no COI statement in PubMed.
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Randomized trial · other health measuresAkasaka et al., 2023Geriatrics & gerontology international · PubMed
Effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide on older patients with diabetes and impaired physical performance: A prospective, placebo-controlled, double-blind study.
14 people · Men aged 65 and over with diabetes and weak grip or slow walking
TestedNMN 250 mg a day for 24 weeks, vs placebo
NMN was safe. Changes in grip strength and walking speed did not differ: 1.25 kg (95% confidence interval -2.31 to 4.81) and 0.033 m/s (-0.021 to 0.087) with NMN.
No differenceCompany stakeAbstract onlyFunded by Teijin Ltd; no COI statement in PubMed.
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Effect of 12-Week Intake of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide on Sleep Quality, Fatigue, and Physical Performance in Older Japanese Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study.
108 people · Older Japanese adults
TestedNMN 250 mg once a day in the morning or afternoon for 12 weeks, vs placebo
The 5-times sit-to-stand time improved in all groups, placebo included. Afternoon NMN had the largest effect on sit-to-stand (d = 0.72) and drowsiness (d = 0.64).
MixedNo stake declaredAbstract onlyNo conflicts of interest declared.
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NAD+-Precursor Supplementation With L-Tryptophan, Nicotinic Acid, and Nicotinamide Does Not Affect Mitochondrial Function or Skeletal Muscle Function in Physically Compromised Older Adults.
14 people · Older adults living at home with weak physical function, average age 72.9
TestedTryptophan, nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (207.5 mg niacin equivalents a day) for 32 days, vs a control product
Muscle NAD+ did not differ from control. Muscle energy-making breathing rates did not improve (ADP-stimulated P = 0.716; maximal P = 0.495), nor did exercise efficiency (P = 0.342).
No differenceNo disclosure in PubMedAbstract onlyNo disclosure in PubMed.
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Effect of nicotinamide riboside on airway inflammation in COPD: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
40 people · Adults with stable COPD, a lung disease
TestedNR vs placebo for 6 weeks, with follow-up 12 weeks later
Sputum interleukin-8 was lower with NR than placebo by -52.6% (95% CI: -75.7% to -7.6%; P = 0.030). Blood NAD+ more than doubled. Epigenetic aging fell in exploratory tests.
Points to benefitCompany stakeAbstract onlyTwo authors work for Elysium Health and own shares in the company.
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Oral nicotinamide riboside raises NAD+ and lowers biomarkers of neurodegenerative pathology in plasma extracellular vesicles enriched for neuronal origin.
22 people · Healthy older adults
TestedNR 500 mg twice a day for 6 weeks, vs placebo (crossover)
NR raised NAD+ in nerve-cell-derived blood particles and lowered Aβ42, pJNK and pERK1/2 levels. These are brain-disease markers, not symptoms.
Points to benefitNo stake declaredAbstract onlyNo competing interests declared.
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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism and arterial stiffness after long-term nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
36 people · Healthy middle-aged adults
TestedNMN 125 mg twice a day for 12 weeks, vs placebo
Serum nicotinamide was higher with NMN. Artery stiffness (pulse wave velocity) tended to fall with NMN but did not differ from placebo.
No differenceNo stake declaredAbstract onlyNo competing interests declared.
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A randomized placebo-controlled trial of nicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene supplementation in experimental muscle injury in elderly individuals.
32 people · Older adults aged 55 to 80
TestedNR 1,000 mg plus pterostilbene 200 mg a day, vs placebo, with a muscle injury made after 2 weeks
NR plus pterostilbene was safe but did not improve muscle stem cell recruitment or other measures of muscle recovery after injury.
No differenceNo disclosure in PubMedAbstract onlyNo COI statement in PubMed. Funded by Novo Nordisk Foundation.
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Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women.
Postmenopausal women with prediabetes who were overweight or obese
TestedNMN vs placebo for 10 weeks
Muscle response to insulin and muscle insulin signaling rose after NMN but not after placebo. Muscle remodeling genes were turned up.
Points to benefitCompany stakeAbstract onlyAuthors receive patent-licensing fees tied to NMN, hold an NMN patent application, and one has Janssen and Merck ties.
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Nicotinamide Riboside Augments the Aged Human Skeletal Muscle NAD+ Metabolome and Induces Transcriptomic and Anti-inflammatory Signatures.
12 people · Older men
TestedNR 1 g a day for 21 days, vs placebo (crossover)
NR raised NAD+ related compounds in muscle and lowered blood inflammation markers. Muscle energy-making function did not change.
MixedCompany stakeAbstract onlyOne author holds patents licensed by ChromaDex, owns its stock and advises it.
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Chronic nicotinamide riboside supplementation is well-tolerated and elevates NAD+ in healthy middle-aged and older adults.
Healthy middle-aged and older adults
TestedNR vs placebo, 6 weeks each in turn (crossover)
NR was well tolerated and raised NAD+ metabolism. The abstract gives no numbers on health effects and suggests future trials should look at blood pressure and artery stiffness.
Points to benefitNo stake declaredAbstract onlyNo competing interests declared.
-
Senescence-associated metabolic alterations aggravate calcific aortic valve disease.
Human heart valve samples, mice, cultured cells and a large genetic database
TestedNAD+ making pathway loss in mice and cells; early vs late NMN in mice
In mice, early NMN restored valve NAD+ and reduced inflammation and calcium build-up; late treatment worked less well. Higher blood NAMPT was linked to higher risk of aortic stenosis.
Points to benefitNo disclosure in PubMedAbstract onlyNo disclosure in PubMed. Funded by Chinese government research grants.
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Nicotinic acid riboside maintains NAD+ homeostasis and ameliorates aging-associated NAD+ decline.
Mice, including aged mice and mice lacking a liver NAD+ enzyme
TestedNicotinic acid riboside (NaR) by mouth in aged mice
Blood NaR falls with age. In aged mice, NaR raised blood nicotinamide and NAD+ in many organs, and reduced kidney inflammation and albumin in urine.
Points to benefitNo stake declaredAbstract onlyNo competing interests declared.
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Long-term NMN treatment increases lifespan and healthspan in mice in a sex dependent manner.
Male and female mice treated long term
TestedNMN long term, vs untreated mice
NMN reduced frailty and increased activity in both sexes, without more tumors. Median lifespan rose 8.5% in females but not males. Metabolic health improved in males but not females.
MixedNo disclosure in PubMedAbstract onlyNo COI statement in PubMed.
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Vitamin B3 modulates mitochondrial vulnerability and prevents glaucoma in aged mice.
Glaucoma-prone mice as they aged
TestedNicotinamide (vitamin B3) by mouth, at several doses, and gene therapy
Retinal NAD+ falls with age. Nicotinamide protected the eye. At the highest dose tested, 93% of eyes did not develop glaucoma.
Points to benefitNo disclosure in PubMedAbstract onlyNo COI statement in PubMed.
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Long-Term Administration of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Mitigates Age-Associated Physiological Decline in Mice.
Normal mice, fed NMN during aging
TestedNMN by mouth for 12 months, vs untreated mice
NMN suppressed age-related weight gain and improved energy use, activity, insulin sensitivity, blood fats and eye function, with no obvious toxicity. Lifespan was not reported in the abstract.
Points to benefitNo disclosure in PubMedAbstract onlyNo COI statement in PubMed.
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NAD⁺ repletion improves mitochondrial and stem cell function and enhances life span in mice.
Aged mice and a mouse muscular dystrophy model
TestedNR given to mice, vs untreated
NR rejuvenated muscle stem cells in aged mice, delayed aging of nerve and pigment stem cells, and increased mouse life span. The abstract gives no numbers.
Points to benefitNo disclosure in PubMedAbstract onlyNo COI statement in PubMed.
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NAD⁺ supplementation for anti-aging and wellness: A PRISMA-guided systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidence.
113 studies · People and rodents in 113 studies of NAD+ boosters such as NR and NMN
TestedNR, NMN or NAD+ given by mouth or by injection, compared with control
In people, NR and NMN raised NAD-related blood markers and were generally well tolerated. Effects on function and other health measures were often null or varied by endpoint. The authors call clinical benefit for anti-aging inconclusive.
MixedNo stake declaredAbstract onlyOne author owns a clinic services company that does not sell NAD+ products. No other competing interests.
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Domain-specific effects of NAD+ precursors on fatigue and functional performance: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
27 studies, 1,599 people · Adults in 27 studies of NAD+ precursors (NR, NMN, NADH, NAM)
TestedNAD+ precursors at different doses vs control, looking at fatigue, endurance, strength and quality of life
No precursor clearly improved felt fatigue or sleep. NMN improved endurance (high dose: SMD = 1.02, 95% CI 0.43-1.60); strength did not change. Quality of life rose with NMN (high dose: SMD = 0.56, 95% CI 0.14-0.98).
MixedNo stake declaredAbstract onlyNo commercial or financial relationships declared.
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Safety and Metabolism-Related Outcomes of Oral Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Supplementation in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
15 studies · Adults in 15 randomized trials of NMN
TestedOral NMN 250-2000 mg a day for 14 days to 24 weeks, vs placebo or control
NMN did not raise side effects or liver enzymes. Body weight, BMI, fasting glucose, HbA1c, blood fats and systolic blood pressure did not change. Diastolic blood pressure fell slightly.
No differenceNo stake declaredAbstract onlyNo conflicts of interest declared.
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Effects of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Supplementation on Muscle and Liver Functions Among the Middle-aged and Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
9 studies, 412 people · Middle-aged and older adults
TestedNMN vs placebo or control, looking at muscle and liver measures
Across 9 trials with 412 people, gait speed improved (SMD: 0.34 m/s, 95%CI [0.03, 0.66] p = 0.033) and the liver enzyme ALT fell (SMD: -0.29 IU/L, 95%CI [-0.55, -0.03] p = 0.028).
Points to benefitNo disclosure in PubMedAbstract onlyNo disclosure in PubMed. Funded by Chinese public research grants.
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Pooled review (meta-analysis)Zhang et al., 2025Critical reviews in food science and nutrition · PubMed
Efficacy of oral nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation on glucose and lipid metabolism for adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials.
12 studies, 513 people · Adults in 12 trials of NMN
TestedOral NMN vs control, looking at blood sugar and blood fats
NMN raised blood NAD levels. Most clinically relevant outcomes did not differ from control. Seven studies had some concerns and five had high risk of bias. Authors suggest benefits may be exaggerated.
No differenceNo disclosure in PubMedAbstract onlyNo disclosure in PubMed.
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Effects of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.
8 studies, 342 people · Middle-aged and older adults, mostly without diabetes
TestedNMN 250-2000 mg a day for 14 days to 12 weeks, vs placebo or control
In 342 middle-aged and older adults, NMN gave no benefit on fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HbA1c, insulin resistance or blood fats.
No differenceNo stake declaredAbstract onlyNo company ties stated. One author is a journal section editor.
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NAD+ therapy in age-related degenerative disorders: A benefit/risk analysis.
147 studies · Animal and human studies (113 preclinical, 34 clinical) of NAD+ raising
TestedNAM, NR, NMN, NAD+ and NADH vs control
Most studies reported favourable results on age-related disorders. Evidence is limited and long-term human trials are few. Possible risks include toxic by-products, tumour growth and cell aging.
MixedNo disclosure in PubMedAbstract onlyNo disclosure in PubMed.
13 papers we read and set aside as off topic
- Sun et al., 2023. Exercise training upregulates intracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase expression in humans: a systematic review with meta-analysis. (pooled review (meta-analysis))
- Lippi et al., 2022. Impact of nutraceuticals and dietary supplements on mitochondria modifications in healthy aging: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. (systematic review)
- Noh et al., 2026. NMN supplementation as a strategy to improve oocyte quality: a systematic review and transcriptomic analysis. (systematic review)
- Ahmadi et al., 2023. Randomized crossover clinical trial of coenzyme Q10 and nicotinamide riboside in chronic kidney disease. (randomized trial)
- Irie et al., 2020. Effect of oral administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide on clinical parameters and nicotinamide metabolite levels in healthy Japanese men. (trial, not randomized)
- Walzik et al., 2025. Acute exercise boosts NAD+ metabolism of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. (randomized trial)
- Zemel, 2020. Modulation of Energy Sensing by Leucine Synergy with Natural Sirtuin Activators: Effects on Health Span. (other)
- Nakagawa-Nagahama et al., 2023. Blood levels of nicotinic acid negatively correlate with hearing ability in healthy older men. (blood level study)
- Pencina et al., 2023. MIB-626, an Oral Formulation of a Microcrystalline Unique Polymorph of β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide, Increases Circulating Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide and its Metabolome in Middle-Aged and Older Adults. (randomized trial)
- Wu et al., 2021. Cross-Sectional Associations between Dietary Daily Nicotinamide Intake and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Colorectal Cancer Survivors, 2 to 10 Years Post-Diagnosis. (population study: one-time survey)
- de Guia et al., 2019. Aerobic and resistance exercise training reverses age-dependent decline in NAD+ salvage capacity in human skeletal muscle. (trial, not randomized)
- Chubanava et al., 2023. Regular exercise effectively protects against the aging-associated decline in skeletal muscle NAD content. (opinion or narrative review)
- Yaku et al., 2025. Nicotinamide riboside and nicotinamide mononucleotide facilitate NAD+ synthesis via enterohepatic circulation. (animal study)
Words on this page
- SMD (standardized mean difference)
- A way to compare results measured on different scales. About 0.2 is a small effect, 0.5 medium, and 0.8 large.
- 95% CI (confidence interval)
- The range where the true result likely lies. If the range includes no effect (1 for ratios, 0 for differences), the result is not clear.
- p-value (p =)
- How likely a result this large would be by chance if there were no real effect. Below 0.05 is usually called a clear result.
- Placebo
- A dummy pill or fake treatment, so people do not know which group they are in.
- Pooled review (meta-analysis)
- A study that combines the results of many earlier studies to get one overall answer.
- NAD+
- A molecule cells use to make energy. Its level falls with age.
- Systolic pressure
- The top number in a blood pressure reading.
- Diastolic pressure
- The bottom number in a blood pressure reading.
- Marker
- A lab or scan result that stands in for a health outcome. A better marker does not always mean better health.
How the short answer is set
Fixed rules turn the studies into the short answer, so the same studies always give the same answer. The rules start from GRADE, a standard system for rating evidence, in plain language.
| Confidence | What it means |
|---|---|
| High | We are confident the answer is right. |
| Moderate | The answer is probably right, but it could change. |
| Low | The answer may well change. |
| Very low (this page) | Any answer is very uncertain. |
| Not tested in people | Only cell or animal studies exist. |
Why very low here
- Human trials were small and short, lasting weeks to about six months.
- A pooled review found bias concerns in all 12 of its studies.
- Main outcomes were mostly unchanged; only some side measures improved.
- Longer life and less frailty were seen only in mice, not people.
Hard limit used. No human trial tracked lifespan or new age-related disease, so the answer cannot say NMN slows aging in people.
How this page was made
Label
- Search
- PubMed, Nov 14, 2026. Searches written by Claude Opus 5.5; papers ranked by PubMed
- First read of all 42 papers
- Claude Sonnet
- Independent second read
- Claude Haiku
- Disagreements settled by
- Claude Opus 5.5
- Page text written by
- Claude Opus 5.5
- Charts
- Drawn by code from the study records
- Source check by a person
- Not yet. Required before search engines may list this page.
- Expert review
- No
- Papers read in full
- 0 of 42; all from PubMed abstracts
- Method
- v0.2, created Nov 14, 2026
Search. We ran four PubMed searches for NMN and other NAD+ boosters and aging and age-related decline: pooled and systematic reviews since 2012 (10 of 12), trials in people (22 of 25), population studies (4 of 4), animal studies (6 of 213). The first number is how many papers we read; the second is how many PubMed found. We took the ones PubMed ranks as most relevant. See the full PubMed search. Of the 42 papers read, 29 were on topic.
Limits. Digestery reads at most about 60 papers per question, so large fields are sampled, not covered in full. Abstracts can leave out key details, such as side effects and funding.
Review queue
These items wait for a person. Search engines are asked not to list the page until the first one is done.
- OpenThe short answer is new. It waits for a source check by a person.
- OpenPencina 2023 and Pencina 2023 test the same MIB-626 NMN product in similar overweight older adults; check for overlapping participants.
- OpenPooled reviews Chen 2024, Zhang 2025, Wang 2025, Yang 2026 and Gao 2026 likely share many trials; their people counts should not be added.
- OpenUnsure relevance: included Yoshino 2021 (prediabetes) and Norheim 2024 (COPD); excluded Ahmadi 2023 (kidney disease), Pencina 2023 (blood levels only), Noh 2026 (egg quality).
- OpenNakagawa-Nagahama 2023 links blood nicotinic acid to worse hearing, using baseline data from an NMN trial; kept off-topic because no booster was given.
- OpenKane 2024 is a bioRxiv preprint; check whether a peer-reviewed version exists before relying on its lifespan result.
- OpenNo COI statement in PubMed for trials Pencina 2023, Akasaka 2023, Jensen 2022 and Connell 2021; grants list Metro International Biotech and Teijin.
- OpenYi 2023 authors work for Abinopharm and Aba Chemicals; the abstract does not say whether these firms sell NMN.
- OpenGallagher 2026 author owns a firm serving an aesthetics clinic that offers no NAD+; stake kept as none.
Page history
| Date | Change | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| Nov 14, 2026 | Page created from 42 papers. | First version of the page. |
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